Wrench



A. S. FISHER.

WRENCH.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 16. 1919.

2 A .w; a M w mm zzzz ia 1 n 7 S m j A A. S. FISHER.

WRENCH.

APPLICATION FILED on. 16. 1919.

1,386,325. Patnted 2, 1921.

2 8HEETS-SHEET 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WRENCH.

Application filed October 16, 1919.

To all whom it mayconcemt:

Be it known that I, ANDREW S. FISHER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Altoona, in the county of Blair and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in renches, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an. improved wrench and has as one of its principal obj ects to provide a device ofthis character constructed of a minimum number of parts, preferably two, but wherein the movable jaw of the wrench will, nevertheless, have an unbroken. continuity of adjustment so that it may always be positioned to firmly grip the work against the fixed aw of the wrench.

The invention has as a further object to provide a wrench wherein the sliding movable jaw will also be mounted'to rock upon the shank of the fixed jaw and wherein adjustment of the movable aw may be efiected simply by rocking said aw.

And the invention has as a still further object to provide a wrench wherein stress exerted upon the movable jaw in the normal manipulation of the wrench as, forinstance, in tightening a nut, will serve to increase the grip of the wrench upon the nut.

Other and incidental objects will appear hereinafter.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of my improved wrench,

Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of the device,

Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the wrench, the movable jaw being shown in position for sliding adjustment,

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary perspective view showing the movable jaw in detail,

Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing a slight modification of the invention,

Fig. 6 is a detail perspective view of the movable jaw of the wrench illustrated in Fig. 5,

Fig. 7 is a rear elevation of a still further modified form of wrench, and

Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section of the wrench illustrated in Fig. 7. j

In carrying the invention.into effect, my improved wrench is formed with a fixed jaw 10 having a shank 11. Mounted upon the shank of the fixed jaw to coact therewith is a movable jaw 12 having a guide sleeve 13 slidable upon the shank of the fixed jaw and extending from the movable jaw is a shank 14 confronting the inner edge of the shank Specification of Letters Patent.

' 11. As shown in F ig,

Patented Aug. 2, 1921.

Serial No. 331,052.

2, the opening through the guide sleeve 13 which receives the shank 11 is formed with downwardly diverging side walls 15 so that the movable jaw may thus be rocked transversely with respect to the fixed jaw. In this connection it will be observed that the side wall seen at the right of Fig. 2 is inclined at a greater angle than the other side wall so that the movable jaw may be rocked to the position illustrated in Fig. 3 when, of course, the movable aw may be slidably shifted along the shank 11 with respect to the fixed jaw. Formed on the shank 14 at one side edge thereof and at a po1nt substantially midway between the ends of said shank is a rearwardly directed angle arm 16, the lateral terminal portion of which is adapted to extend in rear of the shank 11. This arm is designed to provide ,a keeper for normally maintaining the jaw shanks in proper relative relation. Formed on the lower end'portion of the shank 11 at 1t s rear edge is a series of parallel obliquely disposed teeth 17 provided at their lower ends with beveled edges 18. The lower end portion of the shank 14 of the movable jaw is flared or widened and formed thereon is a series of parallel obliquely disposed teeth 19 adapted to mesh with the teeth 17 and provided at their upper ends with beveled end edges 20.

As will now be well understood, the movable jaw may be rocked upon the fixed jaw to engage the teeth 19 thereof with the teeth 17 of the fixed jaw, the beveled end edges 18 and 20 of said teeth being adapted to facilitate the meshing of the teeth. On the other hand, by swinging the movable jaw to the position illustrated in Fig. 3, the movable jaw may, as previously indicated, be slidably shifted along the shank 11 of the fixed jaw and may be accordingly readily positioned to engage the work between the fixed and movable jaws of the wrench. After the movable jaw has been so positioned in engagement with the work, the jaw is then rocked to engage the teeth thereof with the teeth of the fixed jaw when, owing to the inclination of said teeth, the movable jaw will, as the rocking movement thereof is continued, be advanced or adjusted upwardly along the shank of the fixed jaw into binding engagement with the work, it being noted that the inclination of the teeth is upward from that edge of the shank 14 carrying the keeper arm 16. The wrench may accordingly be readily applied and the jaws thereof adjusted to firmly bind the work therebetween while, when the wrench 1s grasped and stress brought to bear there on for either holding the work stationary or turning the work, such stress will act upon the shank ofthe movable jaw with a tendency to further rock the jaw and accordingly increase the binding action of said jaw against the work. In this connection it is to benoted that the inclination and length --of the teeth 19.are such that the distance between parallel lines touching the respec tive ends of-a tooth and drawn at right on thework will-be had.

'vention as-embodied ina pipe wrench.

angles to the longitudinal plane of the shank is substantially equal to the distance between two adjacent teethplus the-thickness of one tooth. Accordingly, after the movable jaw has been-slidably shifted to engage the work and said jaw :is then rocked to engage the teeth thereof with .the teeth of the fixed jaw, the further rocking:m0vement of the jaw suflicient to effect binding engagement ofthe teeth *willradvance the movable jaw aslight distance so that an effectual grip Thus, I provide for an unbroken continuity of adjustment of thezmovablej aw by :rocking'said jaw so that the movable j aw-mayalways be forcibly ad vanced into engagement with the work.

Alsoythis feature provides a construction .whereby ,after the movable aw has been slidablyset to contactwiththe work and the :teeth of the jaws have been engaged, increased rocking movement of the mov- -able-1j aw will-servetotake up any inequality serrated jaw face and having a shank 22 extending therefrom. Slidable upon the shank of the fixed jaw is-the movable jaw -23zhaving a guide sleeve 2% and a shank 25 confrontingtheinner edge of the shank 22.

The sleeve 24 corresponds to the sleeve 13 of the pre'ferred construction and at their lower end portions the jaw shanks are respectively provided with serles of teeth 26 and. 27 respectively corresponding to the series of' teeth 17 and 19 of the preferred construction.

In this modification. the keeper "16 of the preferred construction is eliminated and-in lieu thereof a keeper 28 is formed onthe rear .of the sleeve 24 to depend therefrom in rear of the shank of the fixed jaw,-this keeper being "provided with a lateral lugeonfronting one side'face of thefixed-jaw shank. The keeper28 is,

'of "course; designed to serve the same func- :t1on as the keeper-16 of" the-preferred coneration of the modified structure is believed unnecessary. V

In Figs. 7 and 8 of the drawings, I have illustrated a still further modification of the inventionwherein the wrench is formed of three parts. In these figures, the fixed jaw of the wrench is indicated at 29 and the shank thereof at 30. Slidable upon said shank is a movable jaw 31 having a guide sleeve 32 loosely receiving the shank 30. Depending from the movable jaw-in front of the fixed jaw shank in spaced relation thereto is a lug 33 upon which is formed a pivot stud'34 extending toward said shank, and mounted to swing at its upper end portion upon this stud is a movable jaw shank '35 having a lapped jointwith the lug so as to be held =betweensaid lug and the shank Accidental displacement of the shank 35 willthus be prevented.

the-keeper 1'6 of'the'preferred construction and'formed on the lower end portions of the shanks 3OV-and '35 respectively are seriesof teeth 37 and' 38 corresponding to the series of teeth 17- and-19of thepreferredconstruc tion. As will now be appreciated, the shank 35 may be rocked independently of the movable jaw 31 for forcibly adjusting this jaw with respect to. the fixed jawand since the shank 35 may thus be rocked independently,

a shank, and a movable jaw' slidable upon the shank of the fixed jaw to. cooperate therewith and: provided with a shank opposed to a faceof. the shank depending from the fixed jaw, the :movable jaw being also mounted to rock transversely to the fixed jaw whereby the shankof the movable jaw may be swung transversely across said face of the shank of the fixed jaw and said shanks being provided with co'acting means vwhereby the shank of the movable aw may be swung for adjusting the movable jaw with respect to the fixed jaw. 5

2. A wrench. including a fixed jaw having a shank, and a movable jaw shiftableupon the shank of thefixed jaw to cooperate.

therewith and provided with a shank, the movable jaw being also mounted for transverse rocking movement and said .sh'anks being formed with engaging inclined teeth for adjusting the movable jaw with respect to the fixed j awf as the'shank of the movable jaw is rocked.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

ANnnEws FISHER. 7 a a] 7 v The shank 35'is formed with a keeper 36 corresponding to 

